Biochemical and Neurotransmitters Changes Associated with Tramadol in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats

Table 2

Effects of tramadol on norepinephrine brain level in normal and diabetic rats.

	Dose (mg/kg)	Normal	Diabetic
Cerebral cortex	Control	0.292±0.007	0.277±0.005^a
	50	0.248±0.005^∗	0.255±0.004^a
	75	0.242±0.004^∗	0.288±0.003^+
	100	0.222±0.003^∗	0.238±0.003^+
Thalamus and hypothalamus	Control	0.704±0.014	0.605±0.01
	50	0.649±0.01^∗	0.623±0.008^+∗
	75	0.613±0.007^∗	0.578±0.007^+∗
	100	0.579±0.006^∗	0.562±0.006^+∗
Midbrain	Control	0.786±0.001	0.686±0.007
	50	0.574±0.007^∗	0.628±0.006^+
	75	0.533±0.006^∗	0.566±0.005
	100	0.523±0.005^∗	0.555±0.004^+∗
Cerebellum	Control	0.415±0.01	0.401±0.007^+
	50	0.411±0.007	0.415±0.006^+∗
	75	0.369±0.006^∗	0.389±0.005^+∗
	100	0.356±0.005^∗	0.374±0.004^+∗
Brain stem	Control	0.851±0.014	0.697±0.01^a
	50	0.725±0.01^s	0.657±0.008^+s
	75	0.627±0.008^∗	0.673±0.007^+∗
	100	0.647±0.006^s	0.632±0.006^+∗

+Changes statistically significant in comparison to corresponding normal group, 𝑃<0.001.
aChanges statistically significant in comparison to corresponding normal group, 𝑃<0.01.
∗Changes statistically significant in comparison to corresponding control group, 𝑃<0.001.
sChanges statistically significant in comparison to corresponding control group, 𝑃<0.01.