Poststroke Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Relationships with IL-17 and Oxidative Stress
Table 1
Clinical demographic characteristics.
CES-D < 16
CES-D ≥ 16
or
Demographics
Age (mean ± SD)
68.8 ± 14.1
76.2 ± 14.2
1.77
0.08
Sex (% male)
60.7
68.4
0.29
0.59
Living alone (%)
42.9
31.6
0.61
0.43
Level of education > high school (%)
92.3
94.4
0.08
0.78
History of depression (%)
3.6
18.8
2.17
0.14
Vascular risk factors
Hypertension (%)
71.4
94.7
3.97
0.05
Diabetes (%)
21.4
36.8
1.34
0.25
Dyslipidemia (%)
60.7
84.2
2.99
0.08
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) (%)
14.3
21.0
0.37
0.55
Smoking (%)
17.8
21.1
0.08
0.79
Concomitant medications
Antidepressant use (%)
7.1
15.8
0.89
0.35
ASA use (%)
62.9
73.7
0.58
0.45
NSAID use (other than ASA) %
7.4
21.1
1.83
0.18
Stroke characteristics
Weeks since stroke (mean ± SD)
3.4 ± 5.3
3.4 ± 4.8
0.04
0.97
NIHSS scores (mean ± SD)
4.6 ± 4.5
5.4 ± 4.7
0.63
0.53
Lesion location
Anterior (%)
10.7
15.8
0.26
0.61
Posterior (%)
50.0
26.3
2.64
0.10
Intermediate (%)
10.7
26.3
1.95
0.16
Extending (%)
25.0
31.6
0.25
0.62
Lesion side
Left (%)
46.4
42.1
0.09
0.77
Right (%)
50.0
57.9
0.28
0.60
Bilateral (%)
3.6
0.0
0.69
0.41
Lesion volume (cm3) (mean ± SD)*
28.2 ± 63.0
20.6 ± 47.5
0.65
0.52
or values and corresponding values reflect results of Pearson’s Chi-squared tests for categorical variables and independent -tests for continuous variables. nondepressed and depressed. BMI: body mass index; CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid.
