Review Article
Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The Reference Therapy for Undernourished Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Table 1
Clinical studies and trials having tested different protocols of androgen therapy in COPD patients.
| Study | Drug/administration route | | GOLD stage | Fat-free mass (FFM) loss | Method of FFM assessment | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
| Schols et al. [70] | Dandrolone decanoate/IM | 217 | II, III | FFM < 67% (men)/<63% (women) of ideal weight | BIA | M: 50 mg W: 25 mg | 1x/2 weeks | 6 weeks | Ferreira et al. [71] | Mixture of testosterone phenylpropionate, isocaproate, propionate, caproate/IM unique dose, and then stanozolol/PO | Total = 23, 17 completed study | II, III | — | DEXA | M: 250 mg M: 12 mg | “Charging dose” 1x/day | Unique dose 27 weeks | Yeh et al. [68] | Oxandrolone/PO | Total = 128 55 included in 4-month analysis | II, III | — | BIA | M: 10 mg W: 10 mg | 2x/day 2x/day | 16 weeks | Casaburi et al. [25] | Testosterone enanthate/IM | Total = 53 47 completed protocol | II, III, IV | — | DEXA | M: 100 mg | 1x/week | 10 weeks | Pison et al. [72] | Testosterone undecanoate/ PO | 126 | II, III, IV | <25th percentile of predicted FFMI: <18 (men) <15 (women) | BIA | M: 80 mg W: 40 mg | 2x/day 2x/day | 12 weeks | Svartberg et al. [69] | Testosterone enanthate/IM | 29 | II, III | — | DEXA | M: 250 mg | 1x/4 weeks | 26 weeks |
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BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; DEXA: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; FFM: fat-free mass; FFMI: fat-free mass index (=FFM (kg)/height (m)2; IM: intramuscular; M: men; PO: per os; W: women.
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