Review Article

Clinical Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Patellar Tendinopathy

Table 1

GFs in PRP*.

Growth factorFunction

EGFCellular proliferation
Differentiation of epithelial cells

FGFStimulates angiogenesis
Cellular migration
Stimulates the proliferation of capillary endothelial cells
Production of granulation tissue

HGFStimulation of hepatocyte proliferation and liver tissue regeneration
Stimulates angiogenesis
Mitogen for endothelial cells
Antifibrotic

IGF-1Proliferation of myoblasts and fibroblasts
Stimulation of protein synthesis
Mediator in growth and repair of skeletal muscle
Enhances bone formation by proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts
Enhances collagen and matrix synthesis

PDAFInduces vascularization by stimulating vascular endothelial cells

PDEGFStimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts

PDGFMacrophage activation
Stimulates angiogenesis
Fibroblast chemotaxis and proliferative activity
Attracts stem cells and white blood cells
Enhances collagen synthesis
Contributes to tissue remodeling
Enhances the proliferation of bone cells

TGF- Enhances the proliferative activity of fibroblasts
Stimulates biosynthesis of type 1 collagen and fibronectin
Induces deposition of bone matrix
Inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption
Regulation in balance between fibrosis and myocyte regeneration
Control of angiogenesis and fibrosis
Immunosuppressant during inflammatory phase

VEGFStimulates angiogenesis
Migration and mitosis of endothelial cells
Creation of blood vessel lumen
Chemotactic for macrophages and granulocytes
Vasodilation

EGF: epidermal growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; PDAF: platelet-derived angiogenic factor; PDEGF: platelet-derived endothelial growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF- : transforming growth factor- ; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
*Data from [1, 2, 7, 8].