Gender and Family Disparities in Suicide Attempt and Role of Socioeconomic, School, and Health-Related Difficulties in Early Adolescence
Table 3
Associations between suicide attempt (SA) and various risk factors for male and female adolescents in different family structures: age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI).
Boys
Girls
Intact families
Parents divorced/separated and reconstructed family
Single parent and other situations
Intact families
Parents divorced/separated and reconstructed family
Single parent and other situations
Number of person-years
4,576
1,836
829
4,629
1,764
896
Socioeconomic factors
Age (year)
0.91
0.68–1.23
0.81
0.57–1.24
1.03
0.57–1.89
1.10
0.82–1.47
0.93
0.70–1.22
1.25
0.86–1.82
Low parents’ education
0.63
0.29–1.35
1.13
0.45–2.81
3.62
0.44–30.1
2.08*
1.07–4.03
1.28
0.68–2.40
1.27
0.49–3.28
Nationality
French
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
European immigrants
1.47
0.20–10.9
2.37
0.54–10.3
0.00
2.25
0.69–7.35
1.61
0.50–5.24
2.45
0.33–18.4
Non-European immigrants
2.50
0.69–1.25
3.67
0.43–31.7
0.00
1.33
0.18–9.75
1.61
0.49–5.27
1.33
0.30–5.86
Father’s occupation
Managers, professionals, and intermediate professionals
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Craftsmen, tradesmen, and firm heads
1.66
0.67–4.14
1.63
0.41–6.53
2.91
0.26–32.8
0.74
0.29–1.87
1.40
0.56–3.54
0.85–14.0
Service workers and clerks
1.04
0.29–3.72
2.38
0.53–10.7
0.00
0.96
0.28–3.28
1.50
0.50–4.51
0.00
Manual workers and other occupations
1.29
0.50–3.34
2.04
0.59–7.01
3.33
0.30–37.3
1.08
0.50–2.37
0.95
0.38–2.34
1.51
0.38–6.06
Not working
1.22
0.16–9.44
1.41
0.16–12.6
2.02
0.17–23.7
0.00
2.05
0.77–5.42
1.19
0.28–5.00
Insufficient family income
2.55*
1.13–5.76
2.04
0.80–5.22
1.56
0.27–9.05
2.42*
1.17–5.02
1.46
0.75–2.82
1.72
0.73–4.08
Poor social support
Score
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1-2
4.25***
1.75–10.3
2.69
0.42–3.97
1.55
0.33–7.22
4.44**
1.63–12.1
3.93
*
1.17–13.2
1.15
0.41–3.25
≥3
4.67
*
1.62–13.5
2.69
0.82–8.80
0.00
10.98
**
3.98–30.3
6.97
**
1.98–24.5
2.16
0.69–6.71
School and mental difficulties and sustained violence
Grade repetition
0.84
0.24–2.91
1.27
0.39–4.09
1.63
0.26–10.2
2.43
*
1.04–5.64
0.89–3.70
0.91–6.03
Depressive symptoms
3.35
*
1.28–8.76
4.84***
1.89–12.4
3.65
0.39–34.3
5.46
***
2.82–10.6
2.35**
1.23–4.46
5.12
***
2.17–12.1
Having sustained violence
3.21
**
1.47–7.01
1.47
0.48–4.49
5.01*
1.12–22.4
5.73
***
2.50–13.1
5.02
***
2.38–10.6
1.59
0.37–6.90
Being victim of sexual abuse
8.41***
2.93–24.1
2.49
0.33–18.7
3.25
0.39–27.0
9.14***
3.78–22.1
3.46
**
1.44–8.32
8.45
***
3.30–21.6
Unhealthy behaviors
Alcohol use
1.72
0.76–3.94
5.53
*
1.22–25.0
—a
3.85
**
1.53–9.69
7.34
**
1.75–30.7
0.81–16.4
Tobacco use
5.49
***
2.54–11.8
4.09
**
1.50–11.2
1.84
0.38–8.87
7.40
***
3.50–15.6
7.13
***
3.19–16.0
11.60
***
2.63–51.1
Cannabis use
4.48***
1.84–10.9
2.30
0.80–6.56
0.95
0.11–8.20
0.90–7.50
5.86
***
2.82–12.2
7.17
***
2.86–18.0
Hard drug use
7.41***
3.13–17.5
4.84
**
1.74–13.5
0.87–23.3
7.61***
2.59–22.4
5.43
***
2.55–11.6
6.02
***
2.42–15.0
, **, ***,close to significance ().
aNoncomputable. In bold types the HRs significant for girls but not for boys; in italic types the HRs significant for both genders but higher for girls.
