Video Game Addiction in Gambling Disorder: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates
Table 3
Comparison for clinical outcomes.
1Non-VGU
1VGU
1VGA
ANOVA
Group
Trends
Effect size
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
LT
QT
2Cohen’s
SCL-90: somatization
1.13
0.87
0.95
0.91
1.69
1.09
0.003
0.030
0.008
0.20
0.57*
0.74*
SCL-90: obsessive/compulsive
1.20
0.88
1.12
0.78
1.96
0.93
<0.001
0.001
0.005
0.10
0.84*
0.98*
SCL-90: interpersonal sensitivity
1.18
0.94
1.05
0.87
1.89
0.94
<0.001
0.004
0.006
0.14
0.76*
0.93*
SCL-90: depression
1.66
0.96
1.56
0.92
2.21
0.93
0.010
0.026
0.036
0.11
0.58*
0.70*
SCL-90: anxiety
1.15
0.86
1.03
0.83
1.74
0.97
0.002
0.011
0.013
0.14
0.64*
0.79*
SCL-90: hostility
1.00
0.88
0.80
0.76
1.67
1.08
<0.001
0.007
0.002
0.24
0.68*
0.93*
SCL-90: phobic anxiety
0.53
0.70
0.43
0.76
0.99
0.96
0.007
0.027
0.023
0.14
0.55*
0.65*
SCL-90: paranoia
1.02
0.84
0.98
0.78
1.77
0.96
<0.001
<0.001
0.010
0.05
0.83*
0.90*
SCL-90: psychoticism
1.06
0.80
0.89
0.75
1.58
1.03
0.002
0.027
0.007
0.22
0.56*
0.77*
SCL-90: GSI score
1.18
0.76
1.06
0.72
1.79
0.87
<0.001
0.004
0.003
0.16
0.75*
0.91*
SCL-90: PST score
49.43
21.25
48.90
21.45
65.07
18.88
<0.001
0.002
0.035
0.02
0.78*
0.80*
SCL-90: PSDI score
1.99
0.64
1.80
0.56
2.34
0.64
0.002
0.007
0.002
0.32
0.55*
0.90*
TCI-R: novelty seeking
108.36
12.21
108.51
12.92
110.22
12.39
0.778
0.529
0.744
0.01
0.15
0.14
TCI-R: harm avoidance
104.03
15.93
98.90
20.80
106.52
16.46
0.157
0.996
0.054
0.28
0.15
0.41
TCI-R: reward dependence
98.92
13.70
101.62
10.23
98.11
13.97
0.466
0.883
0.220
0.22
0.06
0.29
TCI-R: persistence
103.54
23.10
114.79
21.65
112.89
23.13
0.012
0.010
0.135
0.50*
0.40
0.08
TCI-R: self-directedness
131.27
20.93
132.77
21.02
117.56
18.56
0.005
0.012
0.037
0.07
0.69*
0.77*
TCI-R: cooperativeness
132.95
16.40
132.69
15.48
125.78
15.23
0.107
0.068
0.282
0.02
0.45
0.45
TCI-R: self- transcendence
62.79
15.35
60.69
12.82
66.89
17.14
0.261
0.410
0.156
0.15
0.25
0.41
VG: total score
0.00
0.00
6.77
4.60
44.24
22.60
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
2.08*
2.77*
2.30*
SD: standard deviation. LT: linear trend; QT: quadratic trend.
1Non-VGU (non-video game users) (total VDT score of 0); VGU: video game users (total VDT score between 1 and 19); VGA: video game addicts (total VDT score of 20 or higher).
2Cohen’s for the comparisons: non-VGU versus VGU; non-VGU versus VGA; VGU versus VGA. *Bold: moderate () to high () effect size.
