Propolis Varnish: Antimicrobial Properties against Cariogenic Bacteria, Cytotoxicity, and Sustained-Release Profile

Table 2

Susceptibility test of propolis-based chitosan varnish against cariogenic bacteria; inhibition zones; mean and standard deviation (M ± SD) of three experiments.

Microorganisms	Inhibition zones (M ± SD) = mm
	PV1 (5%)	PV2 (10%)	PV3 (15%)	CHV	EPE	CHX
S. mutans (ATCC 25175)	20.3 ± 0.51	20.2 ± 0.88	21.0 ± 0.00	10.4 ± 0.22*	22.6 ± 0.66*	19.0 ± 0.00
S. sanguinis (ATCC 10557)	21.5 ± 0.25*	21.5 ± 0.25*	22.3 ± 1.18*	10.5 ± 0.25*	21.3 ± 0.31*	19.0 ± 0.00
S. salivarius (INCQS 00457)	20.5 ± 0.33	20.5 ± 0.33	21.5 ± 0.50*	8.30 ± 0.33*	20.5 ± 0.55*	18.5 ± 0.55
L. casei (ATCC 393)	19.3 ± 0.25*	19.3 ± 0.25*	21.3 ± 0.71*	9.50 ± 0.55*	16.0 ± 0.00	17.3 ± 0.33*

PV: propolis-based chitosan varnish; CHV: chitosan varnish; EPE: propolis ethanolic extract; CHX: chlorhexidine 0.12%; INCQS: Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade (National Institute of Quality Control, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
*Are related to the statistical difference between the results (𝑃<0.05).