Research Article

Determination of Mineral, Trace Element, and Pesticide Levels in Honey Samples Originating from Different Regions of Malaysia Compared to Manuka Honey

Table 1

Source, floral type, and location of the analyzed Malaysian honeys.

Type of honeyFloral type (bee species)Local tree (scientific) nameLocation or supplier’s name

Acacia honeyMonofloral (Apis mellifera)Forest mangrove or mangium tree (Acacia mangium) Koperasi Alnoor, Johor Bharu
Pineapple honeyMonofloral (Apis mellifera)Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Agriculture Dept.: Usahawan Lebah Madu, Putrajaya
Gelam honeyMonofloral (Apis dorsata)Gelam tree (Melaleuca cajuputi)The Federal Agriculture Marketing Authority (FAMA), Kedah
Longan honeyMonofloral (Apis mellifera)Longan tree (Dimocarpus longan)Beekeeper from Perak
Borneo tropical honeyMonofloral (Apis cerana)Forest mangrove or mangium tree (Acacia mangium) Korporasi Pembangunan Desa, Sabah
Rubber tree honeyMonofloral (Apis mellifera)Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)Beekeeper from Perak
Sourwood honeyMonofloral (Apis mellifera)Sourwood tree or Appalachian lily tree (Oxydendrum arboreum) Beekeeper from Perak
Tualang honeyMultifloral (Apis dorsata)Tualang tree (Koompassia excelsa)The Federal Agriculture Marketing Authority (FAMA), Kedah
Trigona type 1
(dark in color)
Multifloral (stingless bees or Trigonasp.)Local fruits Trigona beekeepers from Lenggong, Perak
Trigona type 2
(light in color)
Multifloral (stingless bees or Trigona sp.)Local fruits Trigona beekeepers from Lenggong, Perak
Rain forest honey Monofloral (Apis mellifera)Rain forest mangium tree (Acacia mangium) “The Bee shop,” Johor
Bharu
Bitter gourd honey Monofloral (Apis mellifera)Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) “The Bee shop,” Johor
Bharu
Trigona type 3
(light in color)
Monofloral (stingless bees or Trigona sp.)Starfruit or carambola tree (Averrhoa carambola) MARDI, Serdang, Selangor
Trigona type 4
(dark in color)
Monofloral (stingless bees or Trigona sp.)Starfruit or carambola tree (Averrhoa carambola) MARDI, Serdang, Selangor