Determination of Mineral, Trace Element, and Pesticide Levels in Honey Samples Originating from Different Regions of Malaysia Compared to Manuka Honey

Table 4

Mineral contents of analyzed Malaysian honeys.

Type of honey	Na; mg/kg	K; mg/kg	Ca; mg/kg	Fe; mg/kg	Mg; mg/kg	Zn; mg/kg
Acacia	173.33±0.95	1292.28±4.63	106.83±8.83	162.43±7.66	23.27±1.14	12.40±0.79
Pineapple	111.29±1.01	473.68±5.20	74.60±9.56	173.60±6.29	36.63±0.86	11.73±0.55
Gelam	196.84±1.65	1363.40±4.81	275.77±8.98	142.37±4.19	31.63±1.42	29.23±0.81
Longan	95.94±0.08	906.35±3.32	118.07±11.54	164.30±6.34	35.47±0.68	26.47±1.04
Borneo	180.23±1.73	1459.33±1.87	119.80±10.05	96.20±4.33	21.83±1.25	4.70±0.79
Rubber tree	83.17±1.17	630.28±3.22	141.17±12.56	233.00±10.07	59.07±0.45	56.13±1.00
Sourwood	732.16±1.19	4026.40±3.39	65.80±10.17	55.83±6.46	199.33±2.73	27.97±0.85
Tualang	268.23±0.32	1576.40±0.85	165.10±14.16	128.13±6.18	35.03±0.46	13.20±0.61
Trigona type 1	223.18±1.66	1109.28±1.80	106.00±9.51	214.63±10.78	26.37±1.54	103.47±1.82
Trigona type 2	171.68±0.95	2417.43±2.02	202.60±12.41	141.50±16.60	137.93±2.03	18.63±1.91
Rain forest	458.95±1.34	413.63±1.94	567.27±13.03	210.33±10.84	44.97±0.76	173.77±2.05
Bitter gourd	384.29±1.82	472.70±2.40	358.27±10.60	162.37±10.22	44.87±0.97	56.80±1.73
Trigona type 3	160.68±2.37	777.95±1.34	113.60±8.40	165.40±9.89	41.90±1.06	12.30±0.96
Trigona type 4	117.23±1.73	1971.75±1.06	156.47±10.86	222.20±9.35	164.13±2.55	67.50±1.37
Mean ± SD	236.80±177.57	1349.34±971.53	183.67±135.98	162.31±49.21	64.46±57.74	43.88±46.58
Range; (min–max)	83.17–732.16	413.63–4026.40	65.80–567.27	55.83–233.00	21.83–199.33	4.70–173.77
Manuka	190.60±0.85	1229.73±1.03	809.73±21.69	216.97±10.27	45.23±0.76	158.13±1.72

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. n.d.: not detected.