Yokukansan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, Adjusts Glutamate Signaling in Cultured Keratinocytes

Figure 4

YKS decrease excessive glutamate production and release in cultured keratinocytes. Keratinocytes were cultured until the cells became confluent in normal medium or media containing various concentrations of YKS (125–500 μg/mL). At 90% confluence, the concentrations of glutamate in the culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. The glutamate concentrations decreased in the keratinocytes stimulated with YKS. The measurements were compared between medium (YKS 0 μg/mL) and YKS 125–500 μg/mL (). Cont: control (medium alone without cells) , , and .