Traditional and nontraditional risk factors associated with CVD and SSc.
Risk factor
Comments
References
Traditional risk factors
Dyslipidemia
(i) The alteration of lipid profile has been described, given by the increased levels of LDL and lipoprotein A, which are related to the reduction in the fibrinolysis and thrombotic and coronary events. (ii) Decreased levels of HDL are related to anticentromere antibodies positivity. (iii) There is elevation of TAG, total cholesterol, and LDL and decrease in HDL levels.
(i) oxLDL/2GPI and anti-oxLDL/2GPI complex: these are considered proatherogenic. (ii) anti-ox-LDL: higher levels are correlated with AT and thrombosis. (iii) anti-LPL: its presence is related to TAG elevated and AT and CV events. (iv) AECA may also contribute to an increased risk of early AT in SSc (v) Others: anticentromere, anti-HSP65/60, and APLA.