Emerging Rapid Resistance Testing Methods for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories and Their Potential Impact on Patient Management

Table 5

Approximate turn-around-time, investment costs, reagent costs, and necessity of skilled personnel of different rapid diagnostic test procedures.

Rapid diagnostic procedure	Turn-around-time	Investment costs	Reagents costs; (per sample)	Necessity of skilled personnel
Agglutination assays	<5 minutes	—	<1.00€	Low
Fluorescence in situ hybridization	1-2 hours	<15,000.00€	1.00–8.00€	Intermediate
Real-time PCR; (including DNA preparation)	4–6 hours	35,000.00–60,000.00€	15.00–25.00€	Strongly depending on the test system
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays	<1 hour	2,000.00–4,000.00€	15.00–25.00€	Intermediate
Next generation sequencing (NGS)	2–5 days	350,000.00–750,000.00€	75.00–800.00€	Very high
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)	<5 minutes	75,000.00–300,000.00€	<1.00€	High