Social and Behavioral Risk Marker Clustering Associated with Biological Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: NHANES 2001–2004

Table 1

Descriptive characteristics of study participants stratified by sex, NHANES 2001–2004.

	Men (𝑛 = 4,305)		Women (𝑛 = 4,673)
	Mean or proportion	95% CI*	Mean or proportion	95% CI
Age
20–29 years, %	17.7	15.0–20.4	20.5	18.0–23.1
30–39 years, %	15.7	13.0–18.4	18.4	15.8–21.0
40–49 years, %	18.0	15.3–20.7	16.4	13.8–19.0
50–59 years, %	13.7	10.9–16.5	12.1	9.4–14.8
60–69 years, %	14.7	12.0–17.5	14.7	12.0–17.3
70–79 years, %	12.7	9.9–15.5	9.9	7.1–12.6
≥80 years, %	7.4	4.6–10.3	8.0	5.3–10.8
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white, %	53.0	50.9–55.0	52.9	50.9–54.9
Non-Hispanic black, %	19.2	16.5–21.9	19.1	16.5–21.7
Mexican-American/other Hispanic, %	24.4	21.8–27.0	24.0	21.5–26.5
Other race, %	3.4	0.5–6.4	4.0	1.2–6.8
Education
≤High school diploma/GED, %	54.2	52.1–56.2	52.5	50.5–54.5
>High school diploma/GED, %	45.8	43.6–48.0	47.5	45.4–49.6
Current smoker, %	27.2	24.6–29.7	18.4	15.8–21.0
Did not meet fruit and vegetable guidelines, %^†	51.7	49.6–53.8	55.4	53.5–57.3
Did not meet physical activity guidelines, %^‡	43.8	41.5–46.0	51.2	49.2–53.2
Current diabetes, %**	12.7	9.9–15.5	10.9	8.2–13.6
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	126.7	126.2–127.3	125.0	124.4–125.7
Taking antihypertensive medication, %	22.4	19.8–25.1	23.6	21.1–26.1
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	200.0	198.5–201.3	206.1	204.8–207.4
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	47.5	47.1–47.9	58.9	58.4–59.4
Taking cholesterol-lowering medication, %	20.5	17.2–23.7	16.4	13.2–19.5
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	27.9	27.7–28.1	28.7	28.5–28.9
Waist circumference (cm)	99.7	99.3–100.1	95.5	95.0–95.9

∗Confidence interval.
^†Food Guide Pyramid guidelines recommended consuming at least 3 servings of vegetables and 2 servings of fruits each day.
^‡Centers for Disease Control/ American College of Sports Medicine guidelines recommended moderate exercising at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
**Defined as self-reported, doctor-diagnosed diabetes; self-reported use of oral glucose-lowering medications; self-reported insulin use; visually confirmed pharmaceutical use of oral glucose-lowering drug and insulin; or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL.