Social and Behavioral Risk Marker Clustering Associated with Biological Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: NHANES 2001–2004

Table 2

Associations of individual components of the Sociobehavioral Risk Marker Index (i.e., education, smoking, fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical activity) with biological coronary heart disease risk factors, stratified by sex and adjusted for race/ethnicity and age, NHANES 2001–2004.

	Coronary heart disease risk factors
	Average systolic blood pressure (mmHg)*		Total cholesterol; (mg/dL)^†		HDL cholesterol; (mg/dL)^†		Waist circumference; (cm)		Obese; (yes/no)^‡		Diabetes; (yes/no)§
	𝛽^∗∗	95% CI^††	𝛽	95% CI	𝛽	95% CI	𝛽	95% CI	OR^‡‡	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Females (𝑛 = 4,673)
≤High school versus >high school	1.22	0.13, 2.32	0.84	−2.24, 3.92	−3.58	−4.83, −2.33	3.25	2.33, 4.17	1.34	1.18, 1.52	1.49	1.21, 1.83
Smoker versus nonsmoker	0.61	−0.78, 2.00	0.77	−3.31, 4.86	−5.40	−7.06, −3.75	−0.37	−1.55, 0.80	0.99	0.84, 1.16	1.25	0.95, 1.64
Did not meet versus met fruit and vegetable guidelines	2.48	1.42, 3.55	−1.11	−4.04, 1.82	−2.50	−3.70, −1.31	0.35	−0.55, 1.25	1.14	1.01, 1.29	1.02	0.84, 1.23
Did not meet versus met physical activity guidelines	0.41	−0.67, 1.49	1.50	−1.46, 4.47	−3.28	−4.89, −2.08	3.95	3.05, 4.85	1.41	1.24, 1.59	1.29	1.06, 1.58
Males (𝑛 = 4,305)
≤High school versus >high school	1.73	0.71, 2.75	−1.08	−4.66, 2.50	−1.40	−2.40, −0.41	−0.58	−1.45, 0.29	0.94	0.82, 1.08	1.04	0.86, 1.27
Smoker versus nonsmoker	0.92	−0.22, 2.05	1.62	−2.75, 5.99	0.30	−0.91, 1.52	−2.49	−3.45, −1.53	0.71	0.61, 0.84	1.06	0.84, 1.33
Did not meet versus met fruit and vegetable guidelines	0.94	−0.05, 1.93	1.17	−2.31, 4.66	−0.63	−1.59, 0.34	−0.28	−1.12, 0.56	0.97	0.85, 1.11	1.06	0.88, 1.28
Did not meet versus met physical activity guidelines	0.23	−0.78, 1.24	−1.89	−5.48, 1.70	−1.43	−2.43, −0.43	1.05	0.19, 1.91	1.09	0.95, 1.26	1.35	1.12, 1.63

∗Adjusted for hypertension medication use.
^†Adjusted for cholesterol medication use.
^‡Obesity defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m² versus <30 kg/m².
§Defined as self-reported, doctor-diagnosed diabetes; self-reported use of oral glucose-lowering medications; self-reported insulin use; visually confirmed pharmaceutical use of oral glucose-lowering drug and insulin; or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL.
**Coefficient for one unit change in the outcome when comparing levels of the social or behavioral risk marker.
^††95% confidence interval.
^‡‡Odds ratio.