Research Article
Incidence and Predicted Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Surgical Patients: Experience at a Medical Center in Taipei, Taiwan
Table 1
The gender specific information of study patients (
).
| | Variables | Female ()
Number (%)
or mean ± SD | Male ()
Number (%)
or mean ± SD | Total ()
Number (%)
or mean ± SD | value for -test or -test |
| | Categorical variables | | | | | | Past disease | | | | | | Yes | 94 (69.6) | 122 (75.3) | 216 (72.7) | 0.27 | | No | 41 (30.4) | 40 (24.7) | 81 (27.3) | | Smoking | | | | | | Yes | 9 (6.7) | 46 (28.4) | 55 (18.6) | <0.0001 | | No | 126 (93.3) | 116 (71.6) | 241 (81.4) | | Type of anesthesia (general anesthesia) | | | | | | Yes | 99 (73.3) | 99 (61.1) | 198 (66.7) | 0.03 | | No | 36 (26.7) | 63 (38.9) | 99 (33.3) | | Type of operation position | | | | | | Supine | 88 (65.2) | 94 (58.0) | 182 (61.3) | 0.17 | | Prone | 18 (13.3) | 19 (11.7) | 37 (12.5) | | Lithotomy | 12 (8.9) | 29 (17.9) | 41 (13.8) | | Lateral | 13 (9.6) | 18 (11.1) | 31 (10.4) | | Others | 4 (3.0) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (2.0) | | Type of surgery | | | | | | General surgery | 64 (47.4) | 91 (56.2) | 155 (52.2) | 0.03 | | Neurosurgery | 13 (9.6) | 11 (6.8) | 24 (8.1) | | Orthopedics surgery | 52 (38.5) | 42 (25.9) | 94 (31.7) | | Cardiac surgery | 6 (4.4) | 18 (11.1) | 24 (8.1) | | Warmer used | | | | | | Yes | 107 (79.3) | 135 (83.3) | 242 (81.5) | 0.37 | | No | 28 (20.7) | 27 (16.7) | 55 (18.5) | | Shear | | | | | | Yes | 67 (49.6) | 80 (49.4) | 147 (49.5) | 0.97 | | No | 68 (50.4) | 82 (50.6) | 150 (50.5) | | Wet | | | | | | Yes | 4 (3.0) | 12 (7.4) | 16 (5.4) | 0.09 | | No | 131 (97.0) | 150 (92.6) | 281 (94.6) | | Heart-lung machine used | | | | | | Yes | 4 (3.0) | 6 (3.7) | 10 (3.4) | 0.72 | | No | 131 (97.0) | 156 (96.3) | 287 (96.6) | | Diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg during operation | | | | | | Yes | 104 (77.0) | 111 (68.5) | 215 (72.4) | 0.10 | | No | 31 (23.0) | 51 (31.5) | 82 (27.6) | | Continuous variables | | | | | | Operation age (yrs) | | | | 0.004 | | Body mass index (Kg/m2) | | | | 0.76 | | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | | | | 0.48 | | Hematocrit (%) | | | | 0.02 | | Admission Braden score | | | | 0.72 | | Time of operation (min) | | | | 0.38 | | Number of nursing intervention | | | | 0.65 | | Ear temperature after operation (°C) | | | | 0.57 | | Total time of diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg (min) | | | | 0.27 |
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