MicroRNA Roles in the NF-κB Signaling Pathway during Viral Infections

Table 1

miRNAs involved in viral infections via regulation of NF-𝜅B.

miRNA genes	Origin	Expression	Targets	Reference
miR-21	Host	Up	MyD88, IRAK1, PTEN, SMAD7, PDCD4, and IL-12p35	[61, 66, 77, 78, 82–84]
miR-155	Host	Up	MyD88, TAB2, and IKK𝜀	[63, 85, 86]
miR-199a	Host	ND	IKK𝛽	[87, 88]
miR-146	Host	Up	IRAK1, IRAK2, and TRAF6	[60, 83, 84, 89]
miR-200b/c	Host	Down	MyD88	[64]
miR-301a	Host	Down	NKFR	[90, 91]
miR-181	Host	Up	CYLD	[74, 92]
miR-16	Host	Down	IKK𝛼 and TNF-𝛼	[73, 93]
miR-223	Host	Down	TLR3, TLR4, STAT3, and IKK𝛼	[73, 94–97]
miR-125b	Host	Down	TNF-𝛼	[85, 98]
miR-210	Host	Up	NF-𝜅B1	[70, 99]
miR-10a	Host	Up	TAK1	[70, 99]
Let-7	Host	Down	IL-6 and TLR-4	[100, 101]
miR-K5	Virus	Up	MyD88	[79]
miR-K9	Virus	Up	IRAK1	[79]
miR-K12-1	Virus	Up	I𝜅B𝛼	[80]

Note: “Up”: upregulated; “Down”: downregulated; “ND”: not determined.