Research Article

Big Data Analytics in Immunology: A Knowledge-Based Approach

Figure 1

The DIKW hierarchy. (a) The relative quantities of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. (b) The relative acquisition cost of the different layers. (c) The gap between data and knowledge and (d) the gap between knowledge and wisdom.
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(a)
437987.fig.001b
(b)
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(c)
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(d)