Review Article
Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke
Table 1
Summary of NSC transplantation experiments in ischemic stroke models.
| Model | Cell | Route | Time | Behavioral measures | Outcome | Mechanism |
| rMCAO [69] | fetal hNSC | IC | 7 d | NA | NA | Neuronal differentiation |
| rMCAO [70] | hNSC | IV | 1 d | TIA, MLPT, rotarod test | IFR | Migration and differentiation marker for neurons or astrocytes |
| rMCAO [71] | hNSC | IV | 24 h | MLPT rotarod test | IFR | ↑EBA immunoreactivities |
| rMCAO [19] | hESC-derived NSC | IC | 7 d | cylinder test | IFR | NA |
| pMCAO [72] | hNSC | LT | 24 h | mNSS | IFR no reduced infarct size | ↑Bcl-2 |
| rMCAO [73] | hNSC | IC | 4 w | Bilateral asymmetry test (BAT), rotameter test | IFR. | Paracrine trophic endothelial differentiation ↑Neurogenesis |
| rMCAO [74] | hNPC | LT | 3 w | Cylinder test, adhesive-removal test | IFR (sensorimotor/ cognitive functions) | ↓Neuronal differentiation |
| PI in cortex [75] | mNSC | IV | 24 h | Adhesive-removal test | IFR (sensorimotor function) | ↑Dendritic plasticity ↑Activated microglial cells ↓Endogenous neurogenesis |
| rMCAO [61] | Embryonic NSC | IC | 1 h | Limb placement test, rotarod test, cylinder test | Reduced infarct volume IFR | Cell replacement Trophic effects |
| mMCAO [47] | CD49d +NSCs | Intracarotid | 48 h | Rotarod | IFR | ↑Cell homing |
| rMCAO [76] | NSC | IC* | 7 d | Somatosensory response, trap channel test | IFR | ↑MHC-I |
| mMCAO [77] | NPC | IV | 72 h | mNSS | IFR | Anti-inflammatory effect |
| rICH [78] |
hNSC | IV | 24 h | Rotarod test, modified limb placing tests | IFR | Differentiation into neuron and astrocytes |
| rMCAO [79] | rNSC and collagen I | IC | 24 h | mNSS | IFR | Synapse formation |
| rMCAO [80] | embryonic hNSC | IC | 24 h | NA | NA | ↑Endogenous cell proliferation in SVZ, angiogenesis in peri-infarct zone |
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NA: not assessed; h: human; IC: intracerebral; IV: intravenous; IA: intra-arterial; LT: local transplantation; EBA: endothelial barrier antigen; IFR: improved functional recovery; TIA: turning in an alley test; MLPT: modified limb placing test; PI: photothrombotic ischemia.
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