Review Article

Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke

Table 1

Summary of NSC transplantation experiments in ischemic stroke models.

ModelCellRouteTimeBehavioral measuresOutcomeMechanism

rMCAO
[69]
fetal hNSCIC7 dNANANeuronal differentiation

rMCAO
[70]
hNSCIV1 dTIA, MLPT,
rotarod test
IFRMigration and differentiation
marker for neurons or astrocytes

rMCAO
[71]
hNSCIV24 hMLPT  
rotarod test
IFR↑EBA immunoreactivities

rMCAO
[19]
hESC-derived NSCIC7 dcylinder testIFRNA

pMCAO
[72]
hNSCLT24 hmNSSIFR
no reduced
infarct size
↑Bcl-2

rMCAO
[73]
hNSCIC4 wBilateral asymmetry test (BAT),  
rotameter test
IFR.Paracrine trophic
endothelial differentiation
↑Neurogenesis

rMCAO
[74]
hNPCLT3 wCylinder test, 
adhesive-removal test
IFR (sensorimotor/
cognitive functions)
Neuronal differentiation

PI in cortex
[75]
mNSCIV24 hAdhesive-removal testIFR (sensorimotor function)↑Dendritic plasticity
↑Activated microglial cells
Endogenous neurogenesis

rMCAO
[61]
Embryonic NSCIC1 hLimb placement test, rotarod test,  
cylinder test
Reduced infarct volume
IFR
Cell replacement
Trophic effects

mMCAO
[47]
CD49d +NSCsIntracarotid 48 hRotarod IFR↑Cell homing

rMCAO
[76]
NSCIC*7 dSomatosensory response,  
trap channel test
IFR↑MHC-I

mMCAO
[77]
NPCIV72 hmNSSIFRAnti-inflammatory effect

rICH
[78]
hNSCIV24 hRotarod test,  
modified limb
placing tests
IFRDifferentiation into neuron and astrocytes

rMCAO
[79]
rNSC and collagen IIC24 hmNSSIFRSynapse formation

rMCAO
[80]
embryonic hNSCIC24 hNANA↑Endogenous cell proliferation in SVZ, angiogenesis in peri-infarct zone

NA: not assessed; h: human; IC: intracerebral; IV: intravenous; IA: intra-arterial; LT: local transplantation; EBA: endothelial barrier antigen; IFR: improved functional recovery; TIA: turning in an alley test; MLPT: modified limb placing test; PI: photothrombotic ischemia.