Biomarkers as Predictors of Recurrence following Curative Resection for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Review

Table 2

Summary of original articles on biomarkers for predicting PDA recurrence following curative resection.

Author	Year	Biomarker	Cut-off level (U/mL)	Follow-up (months)	Recurrence (%)	Survival
						Disease-free (months)	Overall median (months)	Overall 5-year (%)
Sugiura et al. [7]	2012	CA 19-9	100	NR	73.3	11	25	27.2
Kang et al. [8]	2007	Adjusted; CA 19-9	50	12	69	22.6	39.6 (mean)	16.4
Tian et al. [9]	1992	CA 19-9	37	NR	54.5	NR	8.7^a (mean)	NR
Hata et al. [10]	2012	CA 19-9	37	NR	70	NR	16	20.3
Hernandez et al. [11]	2009	CA 19-9; Velocity	NR	41	80.2	7	12	NR
Kelly et al. [12]	2009	CTC	RT-PCR positive	10.3	NR	NR	NR	NR
Mataki et al. [13]	2004	CTCs	RT-PCR positive	49	35^b	NR	NR	NR
Garcea et al. [14]	2011	NLR	5	NR	NR	27	35	NR
Oshima et al. [15]	2013	P16/CDKN2A; TP53; SMAD4/DPC4	Presence/loss; Normal/abnormal; Presence/loss	NR	78.1	NR	22.1	17.5
Nagai et al. [16]	2009	Metastin	Present/absent	18.5	62.3	NR	NR	NR
Foo et al. [17]	2013	PTEN	Retained/loss	40.7	88.2^c	12.1 ± 1.9	25.2 ± 3.0	NR
Bachet et al. [18]	2012	CXCR4	Low/high	54	65.2	14.5	30	NR
Niedergethmann et al. [19]	2004	CTSB	Grades 0 + 1 versus grades 2 + 3	36	58.6	NR	16	NR
Niedergethmann et al. [20]	2002	VEGF	Grades 0 + 1 versus grades 2 + 3	31	58.6	NR	16	NR
Jamieson et al. [21]	2012	miR-21; miR-34a	High; Low	23.9; 23.9	77; 77	NR; NR	16.5; 13.4	NR; NR

aAmong cases with failed CA 19-9 normalization.
bAmong patients with pancreatic cancer.
cAmong cases with loss of PTEN.
U/mL, unit/milliliter; NR, not reported; CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CTCs, circulating tumor cells; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin; CXCR4, CX chemokine receptor 4; CTSB, Cathepsin B.