Neural Regulation of Cardiovascular Response to Exercise: Role of Central Command and Peripheral Afferents
Figure 3
Percent increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) distribution from rest to active cycling (AC), passive cycling (PC), and passive cycling with electrical stimulation (PC + ES). Data presented as mean ± SD. *, versus AC; †, versus PC. This was the first demonstration where left insular cortex activation is involved in the central command of cardiovascular responses in humans. Moreover, findings during PC + ES supported the role of leg muscle afferent signals towards the full activation of leg motor areas, adapted from Williamson et al. 1997 [57].
