Research Article

A Simple Model to Assess the Probability of Invasion in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast Diagnosed by Needle Biopsy

Table 1

Clinicopathologic variables and their association with the incidence of invasion detected in the surgical specimen on univariate analysis.

VariableCategoryNumber of patients with pure DCIS (%), Number of patients with detected invasion in the resection specimen (%), Odds ratio (95% CI)Significance ( value)

Age, >60 years
≤60 years
83 (61.9)
148 (68.8)
51 (38.1)
67 (31.2)
1.357 (0.863, 2.134)0.202

Palpability of the lesion, Palpable
Not palpable
53 (49.5)
177 (73.4)
54 (50.5)
64 (26.6)
2.818 (1.753, 4.530)<0.001

Characteristics of the lesion on mammography, Mass or distortion
Microcalcifications (only)
50 (66.7)
169 (68.4)
25 (33.3)
78 (31.6)
1.083 (0.625, 1.878)0.779

Size of the lesion on mammography, >30 mm
≤30 mm
55 (55.6)
142 (74.3)
44 (44.4)
49 (25.7)
2.318 (1.389, 3.870)0.001

Visibility of the lesion (mammographically detected) on ultrasonography, Visible
Not visible
116 (58.6)
44 (84.6)
82 (41.4)
8 (15.4)
3.888 (1.739, 8.693)<0.001

Biopsy device, 14-Gauge automated
11-Gauge vacuum assisted biopsy
177 (66.0)
37 (72.5)
91 (34.0)
14 (27.5)
1.359 (0.699, 2.642)0.419

Image guidance, Ultrasonographic
Stereotactic
64 (56.1)
150 (73.2)
50 (43.9)
55 (26.8)
2.131 (1.316, 3.450)0.003

Histologic grade (in the biopsy specimen), High-grade
Nonhigh-grade
93 (61.6)
126 (72.8)
58 (38.4)
47 (27.2)
1.672 (1.046, 2.672)0.033

Suspect (micro)invasion in the biopsy specimen, Present
Absent or not mentioned
19 (36.5)
212 (71.4)
33 (63.5)
85 (28.6)
4.332 (2.335, 8.036)<0.001