Research Article

Investigating the Synergistic Interaction of Diabetes, Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Hypercholesterolemia on the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Italy

Table 1

Characteristics of cases and controls.

Variables
(N = 320)
Cases
(%)
Controls
(%)

Gender
 Males45 (56.3)204 (52)0.492
 Females 35 (43.8)188 (48)
Age, mean (SD)63.59 (11.05)64.92 (10.95)0.319*
Diabetes mellitus
 Yes19 (23.8)54 (13.8)0.025
 No61 (76.3)338 (86.2)
Ever smoking
 Yes34 (42.5)107 (27.3)0.007
 No46 (57.5)285 (72.7)
Alcohol consumption
 Yes41 (51.3)103 (26.3)<0.001
 No39 (48.7)289 (73.7)
Hypercholesterolemia
 Yes 40 (50)56 (14.3)<0.001
 No 40 (50)336 (85.7)

Chi-square test.
Mann-Whitney test.