NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Overweight Adolescents: An Elucidation of the Effects of Inter-/Intraindividual Differences, Gender, and Pubertal Development

Figure 3

(a) PCA score plot of boys (PC1 explains 21.4% and PC3 explains 6.3% of the variation); (b) PCA score plot of girls (PC1 explains 19.7% and PC4 explains 5.9% of the variation) obtained for the urine metabolome of adolescents and showing Tanner stage (▲: stage 1; ♦: stage 2; ●: stage 3; ★: stage 4; ▼: stage 5). (c) PLSR prediction plot of Tanner stage in boys (the optimal number of PLSs = 2; 𝑅²𝑋=27.1%; 𝑅²𝑌=51.9%; 𝑄²=25.5%; 𝑃<0.001); (d) PLSR prediction plot of Tanner stage in girls (the optimal number of PLSs = 4; 𝑅²𝑋=37.3%; 𝑅²𝑌=69.4%; 𝑄²=24.6%; 𝑃<0.0001); (e) PLS1 loadings of boys; (f) PLS1 loadings of girls. Assignments: 1: citrate (2.53, 2.56, 2.67, and 2.70 ppm); 2: creatinine (3.04 and 4.05 ppm); 3: hippurate (3.96, 7.54 and 7.82 ppm); 4: phenylacetylglutamine (7.35 ppm).

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