The Effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation Based on a Normal Gait Pattern on Subjects with Early Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Comparison of outcomes measurements among the 3 groups.
Variable
Group
Week 0
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Followup
FMA
Four-channel
14.5 ± 5.1
18.7 ± 4.9##
20.6 ± 5.1##
21.8 ± 4.9##
23.3 ± 4.9
Placebo
14.8 ± 5.6
16.6 ± 6.2##
17.9 ± 5.5##
18.2 ± 5.4##
19.5 ± 6.2
Dual-channel
14.3 ± 5.1
15.9 ± 5.1#
16.8 ± 5.5##
17.3 ± 5.6
19.3 ± 6.4
PASS
Four-channel
18.9 ± 8.8
26.6 ± 5.5##
28.9 ± 4.8##
29.8 ± 4.3##
30.9 ± 3.4
Placebo
20.4 ± 9.1
22.1 ± 8.9##
23.8 ± 8.2##
24.1 ± 8.1
25.7 ± 8.2
Dual-channel
19.6 ± 10.1
22.0 ± 9.1##
24.5 ± 8.4##
25.4 ± 8.6#
26.8 ± 8.5
BBS
Four-channel
17.2 ± 14.9
30.4 ± 14.9#
37.6 ± 14.0#
39.1 ± 13.5#
42.7 ± 11.2
Placebo
16.5 ± 16.7
21.1 ± 18.0#
24.4 ± 18.1
25.4 ± 18.3
29.3 ± 18.7*
Dual-channel
16.3 ± 16.3
19.5 ± 16.8#
24.8 ± 15.6
27.4 ± 16.1#
31.9 ± 18.6
MBI
Four-channel
48.9 ± 23.8
65.7 ± 20.3#
76.3 ± 15.6#
80.3 ± 16.5#
87.4 ± 15.2
Placebo
48.5 ± 21.7
58.0 ± 22.3#
64.3 ± 19.9#
66.7 ± 19.1
72.9 ± 21.9*
Dual-channel
48.1 ± 22.6
55.3 ± 21.8#
62.5 ± 19.5
64.6 ± 17.8
75.8 ± 21.8
FAC
Four-channel
1.1 ± 1.4
1.5 ± 1.4
2.4 ± 1.5
2.6 ± 1.6
3.5 ± 1.5
Placebo
0.8 ± 1.3
1.0 ± 1.4
1.5 ± 1.4
1.5 ± 1.3
2.3 ± 1.9
Dual-channel
0.7 ± 1.1
0.8 ± 1.1
1.1 ± 1.1
1.4 ± 1.1
2.4 ± 1.8
Value: mean ± SD. , indicate significant differences when comparing the score of all outcomes for week 1 to followup at 3 months after the 3-week treatment ended with week 0 within-group. indicates significant difference when compared with the four-channel group.
