Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Paddy Soil, Plants, and Grains (Oryza sativa L.) at the East Coast of India

Table 4

Ranges of the translocation factors of the heavy metals from soil to root, root to shoot, and shoot to grain across the sampling sites.

Heavy metals	Tf (soil to root)	Tf (root to shoot)	Tf (shoot to grain)
Pb	0.2–0.4	0.1–0.3	0.04–0.8
Cd	0.2–0.6	1.4–2.4	0.1-0.2
Cu	0.1-0.2	0.2–0.6	1.1–2.5
Cr	0.2-0.3	0.5–0.8	0.3–0.7
Mn	0.3–0.7	1.3–2.3	0.2-0.3
Zn	0.4–0.9	0.3–0.5	1–1.5