Reduced Bone and Body Mass in Young Male Rats Exposed to Lead

Table 1

Summary of rat studies with lead determinations in whole blood and bone.

Authors	Special condition	Age when study ended (days)	Gender	Treatment groups	Exposure period (days)	Lead concentration in bone (𝜇g/g)	Lead concentration in whole blood (𝜇g/dL)	Main outcome
[8]	Normoxic	111	Female	1000 mg/L	91	632.29±94.23	48.28±8.54	Negative effect on bone growth and bone properties was found in the lead/hypoxia group
	Hypoxic	111	Female	1000 mg/L	91	700.03±78.52	43.78±7.20
[9]		110	Male	500 mg/L	84	32.23 to 93.43	11.01 to 23.21	Chronic lead exposure causes hippocampus damage
[10]		20 in uterus	Fetuses	250 mg/L; 500 mg/L; 500 mg/L +Vit. E; control	20 (gestation time)	—	—	Rats exposed to lead showed delayed growth and altered ossification Vit. E/Pb worsened condition
[11]		70	Female	250 mg/L; 1000 mg/L	21 days of treatment; followed by 27 days of exposure to unleaded water	—	21-day group—50; 49-day group—93.4	Lead interference with chondrogenesis is more pronounced than with bone formation in growing rats
[12]		—	Female	50 mg/L	126 (~18 weeks)	30.99	9.16	Lead intoxication induces effects similar to osteoporotic diseases
[6]	Pb	81	Female	30 mg/L	84 (~12 weeks)	22.6±8.5	6.8±1.7	Coexposure to lead and fluoride increases between 2 and 3x the amount of lead in calcified tissues, such as dentin, enamel, and bone.
	Pb + fluoride			30 mg/L	84 (~12 weeks)	76.7±11.0	14.2±2.6