Neuropeptide Substance P Improves Osteoblastic and Angiogenic Differentiation Capacity of Bone Marrow Stem Cells In Vitro
Figure 3
SP activated the expression of Wnt signaling genes and proteins and the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus. SP increased the expressions of the Wnt genes C-myc, Tcf7, and Lef1. When the NK1 receptor was blocked, this effect was significantly decreased compared with the SP group (a). Increases in the Wnt signaling proteins β-catenin, C-myc, and p-GSK-3β were observed under SP treatment on day 7 and day 14 (b). The nuclear translocation of β-catenin occurred after 15 min of SP treatment, (c) which could be blocked by NK1 antagonist or DKK treatment (d).
