|
Drug | Mechanism | Potential indication | Reference |
|
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) | Reduction of ER stress by AMPK activation | Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis | [8–10] |
|
BiP inducer X | Induction of GRP78 | Heart failure, stroke | [11, 12] |
|
Curcumin | Induction of GRP94 | Heart failure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy, inflammation, dyslipidemia | [13] |
|
CS-866 | Reduction of ER stress by pressure-overload | Heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy | [14] |
|
EN460 | ERO1α inhibitor | Prevention/reduction of ER stress-induced oxidative stress | [15, 16] |
|
Benzodiazepinones | ASK1 inhibitor | Atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular ischemia | [16] |
|
QM295 | ERO1α inhibitor | Prevention/reduction of ER stress-induced oxidative stress | [15] |
|
Isoproterenol | Proteasome activation and assembly | Heart failure, atherosclerosis | [17] |
|
Pioglitazone | Reduction of ER stress | Heart failure, atherosclerosis | [18] |
|
Phenylbutyrate | Chemical chaperone | Heart failure, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension | [19–21] |
|
Pravastatin | Reduction of ER stress by pressure-overload | Heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy | [22] |
|
Salubrinal | Prevention of eIF2a dephosphorylation | Heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy | [23] |
|
SB203580 | CHOP phosphorylation | Heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis | [24] |
|
SP600125 | Prevention of CHOP induction by stretch | Heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis | [24] |
|
Sunitinib | IRE1 activation | Heart failure, atherosclerosis | [25] |
|
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) | Chemical chaperone | Heart failure, atherosclerosis | [19] |
|