Synthesis, Characterization, and Preclinical Evaluation of New Thiazolidin-4-ones Substituted with p-Chlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Clofibric Acid against Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Disorder

Table 3

Effect of thiazolidin-4-ones on in vitro glucose uptake in absence and presence of insulin.

S. no.	Groups	Glucose uptake (mg/g/45 min)
		In absence of insulin	In presence of insulin
		Mean ± S.E.M. (𝑛=3)	Mean ± S.E.M. (𝑛=3)
1	Glucose control	8.09 ± 0.51	12.11 ± 1.34
2	Compound 2a	1.89 ± 1.45	10.33 ± 1.21
3	Compound 2b	6.19 ± 0.31	7.36 ± 0.25
4	Compound 2c	10.12 ± 0.52	14.88 ± 0.86
5	Compound 2d	9.84 ± 0.61	8.16 ± 0.11
6	Compound 2e	19.00 ± 1.27^a	23.42 ± 0.32^b
7	Compound 2f	6.03 ± 0.33	8.33 ± 0.15
8	Compound 2g	6.45 ± 0.13	7.08 ± 0.19
9	Compound 2h	7.61 ± 0.18	7.28 ± 0.38
10	Compound 2i	5.55 ± 0.14	6.44 ± 1.19
11	Compound 2j	9.54 ± 0.21	3.68 ± 1.79
12	Compound 2k	5.82 ± 0.18	7.21 ± 0.15
13	Compound 2l	6.43 ± 0.10	9.99 ± 0.10
14	Compound 2m	8.12 ± 0.82	12.87 ± 0.15
15	Compound 3a	20.44 ± 0.17^a	25.01 ± 0.29^b
16	Compound 3b	7.77 ± 0.29	11.51 ± 0.02
17	Compound 3c	12.24 ± 0.10	10.50 ± 0.81
18	Compound 4a	7.53 ± 1.10	7.98 ± 0.83
19	Compound 4b	6.10 ± 0.83	7.72 ± 0.21
20	Compound 4c	0.97 ± 0.59	4.82 ± 0.55
21	Compound 4d	3.77 ± 0.47	5.54 ± 0.49
22	Pioglitazone	13.37 ± 0.26^a	25.23 ± 0.34^b

a and b represent 𝑃<0.05 as compared to glucose control in absence/presence of insulin, respectively.