[Retracted] Biomedical Implications of Heavy Metals Induced Imbalances in Redox Systems

Table 3

Protein thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases with their substrates and functions.

Enzyme	Substrates	Function
Glutaredoxin (Grx)	PSSG	Antioxidant
Sulfiredoxin (Srx)	PSSG	Reductant
GSSG reductase (GR)	GSSG	Antioxidant, maintains GSH
Thioredoxin (Trx)	PSSP	Reductase^a, antioxidant
Trx reductase (TR)	Trx-S2	Reduces Trx
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)	PSH^b	Protein folding

Protein thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases.
^aCofactor for ribonucleotide reductase.
^bOxidizing.