Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile of Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa

Table 1

Inhibitory activity of VM extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

Extracts	IC50^a (mg/mL)
	α-amylase	α-glucosidase
Decoction
Leaf	1.12 ± 0.17^a	0.61 ± 0.21^b
Unripe fruit	5.25 ± 15.69^a	0.50 ± 6.01^b
Ripe fruit	29.62 ± 13.73^a	15.73 ± 4.19^a
Seed	6.81 ± 2.95^a	182.14 ± 103.36^a
Methanol
Leaf	1.70 ± 0.10^a	6.19 ± 1.87
Unripe fruit	1.23 ± 0.24^a	0.36 ± 0.07^b
Ripe fruit	7.74 ± 1.56^a	3.28 ± 0.45^b
Seed	3.75 ± 1.18^a	46.28 ± 6.01^a
Acarbose	0.11 ± 0.03	5.03 ± 0.14

aIC₅₀ is defined as the concentration sufficient to obtain 50% of maximum inhibitory activity, expressed as mean ± SD (𝑛=3). ^aP < 0.05 is considered as significantly higher from positive control acarbose (400 μg/mL). ^bP < 0.05 is considered as significantly lower from positive control acarbose.