Research Article

Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile of Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa

Table 10

Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthoyanidin contents of extracts.

Plant extracts   Decoction    MethanolF One way ANOVA
P value (post hoc)

Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g fresh weight)a
Leaf58.56 ± 1.17122.22 ± 1.021.16<0.05*
Unripe fruit35.00 ± 0.33d70.33 ± 0.33d<0.05*
Ripe fruit37.00 ± 0.88d61.22 ± 1.07d<0.05*
Seed35.67 ± 0.3367.33 ± 3.53<0.05*

Total flavonoid content (mg RE/g fresh weight)b
Leaf8.90 ± 0.359.00 ± 0.0561.06>0.05
Unripe fruit8.43 ± 0.187.55 ± 0.26d<0.05*
Ripe fruit8.00 ± 0.138.20 ± 0.07d>0.05
Seed6.72 ± 0.047.13 ± 0.13>0.05

Total proanthocyanidins (mg CE/g fresh weight)c
Leaf159.32 ± 5.43185.72 ± 1.14563.37<0.05*
Unripe fruit78.65 ± 2.86d154.92 ± 3.54d<0.05*
Ripe fruit159.50 ± 2.75d134.57 ± 2.60d<0.05*
Seed60.87 ± 4.4142.53 ± 6.06<0.05*

All data are shown as mean ± SD in triplicates; adata are expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g fresh weight; bdata are expressed as mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g fresh weight; cdata are expressed as mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g fresh weight; dsignificant difference (P < 0.05) exists between ripe fruit and unripe fruit samples extracted using same solvent. Refer to text. < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.