Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile of Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa

Table 11

Qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant extracts.

Bioactive compounds	Plant extracts^a
	Decoction				Methanolic
	S1	S2	S3	S4	S1	S2	S3	S4
Alkaloids	−	+	+	−	++	+	+	−
Saponins	−	+	−	+	−	−	−	−
Phenolic compounds	+++	++	++	++	+++	+++	++	++
Flavonoids	+	+	+	+	++	+	+	+
Anthraquinones	+	+	−	−	+	+	+	−
Steroids	−	−	−	+	+	−	−	+
Anthocyanins	++	+	++	+	++	++	++	+

(−): Absence, (+): low presence, (++): moderate presence, (+++): high presence. ^aS1: leaf sample, S2: unripe fruit sample, S3: ripe fruit sample, S4: seed sample.