Intestinal Parasites of Owned Dogs and Cats from Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas: Prevalence, Zoonotic Risks, and Pet Owner Awareness in Northern Italy

Table 2

Univariate analysis of risk factors for intestinal parasites in dogs and cats presenting at two veterinary practices in northern Italy.

Variable	Risk factor	OR	95% CI	𝑃 value
Dogs
Habitation	Metropolitan	1.00		0.006
	Micropolitan area 1	3.476	1.632–7.403	0.001
	Micropolitan area 2	1.947	0.986–3.845	0.055
Age	≤12 months	1.00		NA
	>12 months	0.362	0.205–0.639	0.000
Gender	Male	1.00		NA
	Females	0.756	0.433–1.320	0.325
Size	Small	1		0.917
	Medium	0.937	0.451–1.946	0.861
	Large	1.165	0.439–3.092	0.760
Housing	Household	1		NA
	Outdoor	0.827	0.364–1.880	0.651
Husbandry	Single-dog-household	1		NA
	Multiple-dog-household	2.059	1.047–4.051	0.036
Cats
Habitation	Metropolitan	1.00		0.008
	Micropolitan area 1	2.100	0.730–6.039	0.169
	Micropolitan area 2	3.561	1.601–7.924	0.002
Age	≤12 months	1.00		NA
	>12 months	0.347	0.168–0.716	0.004
Gender	Males	1.00		NA
	Female	0.809	0.401–1.631	0.553
Housing	Outdoor/household	1		NA
	Household	0.526	0.195–1.424	0.006
Husbandry	Single-cat-household	1		NA
	Multiple-cat-household	1.153	0.437–3.039	0.774

OR: odds ratio.
(CI) 95%: confidence interval.