A Rat Model of Thrombosis in Common Carotid Artery Induced by Implantable Wireless Light-Emitting Diode Device
Figure 3
The experimental scheme of typical MR imaging and the axial T2-weighted images of the time-dependent changes of thrombus formation after intermittent 4.5 mW/cm2 LED irradiation for 2 h first, shut off for 30 min and for another 2 h. The MR angiogram indicates bilateral common carotid arteries before LED irradiation (a, sham) and immediately (b, immediately postoperative), 3 days (c, postoperative 3 d), and 7 days (d, postoperative 7 d) after LED irradiation. As shown in the figure, the size of the thrombus is increased by time and there is no artery signal (arrow) at 7 days (d). The axial T2-weighted image demonstrates the temporal changes of thrombus formation before LED irradiation (e, sham) and immediately (f, postoperative), 3 days (g, postoperative 3 d), and 7 days (h, postoperative 7 d) after LED irradiation. The arrows indicate the thrombus in the LED-irradiated left common carotid artery (CCA), and the arrowheads indicate the non-LED-irradiated right CCA. For comparison, please refer to the ultrasound images of CCA in Figure 5 and the histologic and immunohistochemical staining of arterial thrombosis in Figure 6. All these three (Figures 3, 5, and 6) demonstrate the change at CCA after intermittent 4.5 mW/cm2 LED irradiation.
