Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha −308 G>A Polymorphism, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, and Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Young Women

Table 4

TNFA  −308 G>A polymorphism and unsaturated fatty acids intake interactions on overweight/obesity risk^a,b.

Fatty acids	A^c; OR (95% CI)	B^d; OR (95% CI)	A+B^e; OR (95% CI)	Synergy index
Linoleic acid	2.68 (0.83–8.66)	3.61 (1.85–7.45)	4.27 (1.78–10.26)	0.76 (0.28–2.07)
Arachidonic acid	4.41 (1.53–12.72)	2.41 (1.25–4.64)	2.18 (0.94–5.05)	0.25 (0.06–1.00)
𝛾-Linolenic acid	3.06 (0.93–10.08)	3.47 (1.72–6.97)	3.80 (1.63–8.84)	0.62 (0.22–1.76)
𝛼-Linolenic acid	3.98 (1.24–12.78)	4.20 (2.00–8.82)	4.40 (1.81–10.70)	0.55 (0.21–1.46)
Eicosapentaenoic acid	4.44 (1.43–13.73)	2.66 (1.35–5.23)	2.56 (1.10–5.94)	0.31 (0.09–1.10)
Docosahexaenoic acid	2.50 (0.85–7.32)	2.34 (1.21–4.54)	2.75 (1.19–6.34)	0.62 (0.18–2.12)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	2.94 (0.90–9.56)	3.31 (1.64–6.68)	3.68 (1.57–8.63)	0.63 (0.22–1.84)
Monounsaturated fatty acids	2.58 (0.84–7.92)	2.18 (1.14–4.17)	2.48 (1.10–5.57)	0.54 (0.14–2.02)
Total unsaturated fatty acids	2.36 (0.77–7.20)	1.96 (1.03–3.72)	2.27 (1.02–5.07)	0.55 (0.13–2.29)
Unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio	0.86 (0.29–2.58)	0.71 (0.40–1.26)	1.13 (0.53–2.41)	—

aOR adjusted for age, adherence to MD, and education.
^bReference category: individuals carrying the homozygous wild-type genotype GG who had not been exposed to environmental factor.
^cA: risk of developing overweight/obesity in carriers of TNFA  −308 A allele (individuals carrying the homozygous mutated genotype or the heterozygous genotype AA or AG, who had not been exposed to environmental factor-FAs intakes above the 75th percentile of the unsaturated FAs intakes distribution).
^dB: risk of developing overweight/obesity in women exposed to environmental factor only (individuals carrying the homozygous wild-type genotype GG, who had been exposed to environmental factor-FAs intakes below or equal to the 75th percentile of the unsaturated FAs intakes distribution).
^eA+B: risk of developing overweight/obesity in women exposed to both A and B (individuals carrying the homozygous mutated genotype or the heterozygous genotype AA or AG, who had been exposed to environmental factor-FAs intakes below or equal to the 75th percentile of the unsaturated FAs intakes distribution).