Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Hypertension in an Indian Population
Table 1
Distribution of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
Variable
Study subjects ()
value
Control ()
Case ()
Age (mean ± SD)
36.2 ± 12.3
36.4 ± 12.3
0.806
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg; mean ± SD)
116.3 ± 9.8
153.6 ± 19.6
0.000*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg; mean ± SD)
74.7 ± 6.8
92.9 ± 9.9
0.000*
Sex
Male
143 (40.9)
134 (38.3)
0.536
Female
207 (59.1)
216 (61.7)
BMI
Underweight
117 (33.4)
103 (29.4)
0.005*
Normal
228 (65.1)
224 (64.0)
Overweight
4 (1.1)
15 (4.3)
Obese
1 (0.3)
8 (2.3)
Alcohol intake
Yes
155 (44.3)
213 (60.9)
0.000*
Alcohol consumption
Nonuser
195 (55.7)
137 (39.1)
0.000*
Past user
26 (7.4)
18 (5.1)
1–5 drinks per week
75 (21.4)
103 (29.4)
≥2 drinks daily
54 (15.4)
92 (26.3)
Habit of tobacco use
Tobacco user
126 (36.0)
262 (74.9)
0.000*
Smoking habit
Yes
58 (16.6)
112 (32.0)
0.000*
Frequency of smoking
Nonuser
292 (83.4)
238 (68.0)
0.000*
Past user
11 (3.1)
12 (3.4)
Rare
11 (3.1)
20 (5.7)
1–4 nos/day
30 (8.6)
56 (16.0)
5–10 nos/day
4 (1.1)
14 (4.0)
More than 10 nos/day
2 (0.6)
10 (2.9)
Tobacco chewer
Yes
91 (26.0)
183 (52.3)
0.000*
Blood glucose (mg/dL; mean ± SD)
96.4 ± 17.5
104.9 ± 24.2
0.000*
Blood urea (mg/dL; mean ± SD)
21.3 ± 6.5
23.7 ± 8.3
0.000*
Serum creatinine (mg/dL; mean ± SD)
0.9 ± 0.5
0.9 ± 0.3
0.000*
Serum sodium (mmol/L; mean ± SD)
140.7 ± 7.5
146.2 ± 8.5
0.000*
Serum potassium (mmol/L; mean ± SD)
6.5 ± 2.1
5.5 ± 1.5
0.000*
Serum cholesterol (mg/dL; mean ± SD)
144.8 ± 16.2
146.3 ± 38.9
0.003*
Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dL; mean ± SD)
41.9 ± 7.4
40.38 ± 6.62
0.000*
Serum triglycerides (mg/dL; mean ± SD)
140.8 ± 38.9
148.4 ± 36.7
0.027*
Serum LDL (mg/dL; mean ± SD)
68.6 ± 16.6
73.9 ± 22.5
0.059
All values within parenthesis are percentages. SD: standard deviation. BMI: body mass index. HDL: high density lipoprotein. LDL: low density lipoprotein.
*Statistically significant ( value ≤ 0.05).
