Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy, General Preventive Strategies, and Novel Therapeutic Targets

<table>Aldose reductase and the polyol pathway. Aldose reductase reduces aldehydes generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inactive alcohols, and glucose to sorbitol, using NADPH as a cofactor. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH).</table>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy, General Preventive Strategies, and Novel Therapeutic Targets 