Gremlin Activates the Smad Pathway Linked to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation in Cultured Tubular Epithelial Cells
Figure 4
Gremlin overexpression induces Smad-dependent gene transcription. HK2 cells were transfected with GREM-GFP or empty vector, Smad/luc promoter, and TK-renilla for 24 hours. In some points, cells were cotransfected with Smad 7. Then, luciferase/renilla activity was measured. Data are expressed as increase in Smad binding element (SBE) promoter-luciferase dependent expression. Data are expressed as n-fold over control (considered as 1), as the mean ± SEM of 5 experiments. * versus control. # versus Gremlin.
