Gremlin Activates the Smad Pathway Linked to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation in Cultured Tubular Epithelial Cells
Figure 5
Gremlin-induced EMT via the Smad pathway. HK2 cells were transiently transfected with empty, Gremlin (GREM-GFP) alone or cotransfected with Smad 7 expression vectors. EMT markers were evaluated after 48 hours. Gremlin transfected cells express GFP (green staining). Confocal microscopy analysis of cytokeratin and α-SMA immunofluorescence was performed using specific primary antibodies and Alexa-633 secondary IgG (red staining). Representative image out of 3 experiments.
