Phytochemical, Therapeutic, and Ethnopharmacological Overview for a Traditionally Important Herb: Boerhavia diffusa Linn.

Table 1

Chemical constituents isolated from BD.

Chemical class	Name of compound	Activity reported	Plant part	Reference
Phenolic; glycoside	Punarnavoside	Antifibrinolytic	Roots	[66]
C-Methyl flavone	Borhaavone	*	Roots	[67]
Isoflavone	2′-O-Methyl abronisoflavone	*	*	[68]
Flavonol	Quercetin, kaempferol	*	Leaves	[65]
Flavonoid; glycoside	3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxycinnamoyl; rhamnoside	*	Leaves	[65]
	Quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl (1→6); galactoside (quercetin 3-O-robinobioside)	*	Leaves	”
	Eupalitin 3-O-galactosyl (1→2) glucoside	*
	Kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside	*	Leaves	”
	Eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside	*	Leaves
Phenolic acid	trans-caftaric acid	*	Roots	”
Rotenoids	Boeravinones A, B, C, D, E, F	*	Roots	[68–74]
	Boeravinones G, H	Anticancer, spasmolytic	Roots	[68]
	Boeravinones I, J	*	Roots	[7]
	9-O-Methyl-10-hydroxy coccineone E	*	Roots	[60]
	Diffusarotenoid	*	Roots	[75]
	6-O-Demethyl-boeravinone H	*	Roots	[60]
	10-Demethyl boeravinone C	*	Roots	”
	Coccineones E, B	*	Roots	”
	Boeravinones M, P, Q, R, S		Roots	[76]
Xanthone	Boerhavine	*	Roots	[77]
Lignan	Liriodendrin	Ca^2+ channel antagonist	Roots	[78]
	Syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside	Ca^2+ channel antagonist	Roots	”
Purine nucleoside	Hypoxanthine-9-L-arabinofuranoside	Cardiotonic	Roots	[79]
Sterol	Boerhavisterol	*	Roots	[75]
Sterol ester	Boeravilanostenyl benzoate	*	Roots	”
Ecdysteroid	β-Ecdysone	Increases protein synthesis, antidepressant, antistress and immunomodulation, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective	Roots	[80, 81]
Fatty acid	Triacont-24-en-1-oic acid	*	Roots	”
Hydrocarbons	Boeradiffusene	*	Roots	[75]