Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Effects of Two Bt Cry Proteins on a GMO Safety Perspective

Table 3

One-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional parameters of erythrocytes morphology treated with Cry8Ka5, Cry1Ac, or bovine serum albumin at a concentration of 1,000 𝜇g/mL measured by atomic force microscopy.

Parameters	Cry8Ka5	Cry1Ac	Bovine Serum albumin	Untreated^g
Standard width (𝜇m)	9.71 ± 1.17^abc	8.62 ± 0.92	8.44 ± 0.94	8.48 ± 0.82
Perimeter (𝜇m)	33.15 ± 3.59^abc	28.68 ± 1.86	28.45 ± 2.08	29.42 ± 2.20
Average 𝑍 (𝜇m)	0.76 ± 0.08^ac	1.18 ± 0.14^de	0.78 ± 0.07^f	1.00 ± 0.12
Area excluding voids (𝜇m^2)	72.97 ± 12.15^abc	58.48 ± 7.66	58.36 ± 7.95	61.08 ± 7.92
Area including voids (𝜇m^2)	73.74 ± 11.45^abc	58.43 ± 7.66	58.38 ± 7.66	61.16 ± 7.84
Surface area (𝜇m^2)	74.96 ± 12.58^abc	61.83 ± 8.12	59.36 ± 8.01	62.24 ± 8.04
Volume (𝜇m^3)	55.94 ± 10.72^abc	69.56 ± 14.46^de	45.66 ± 7.04^f	61.45 ± 10.70

Values are means ± standard deviations of 100 measures; ^aP < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA) for Cry8Ka5 compared to Cry1Ac; ^bP < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA) for Cry8Ka5 compared to bovine serum albumin; ^cP < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA) for Cry8Ka5 compared to untreated; ^dP < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA) for Cry1Ac compared to bovine serum albumin; ^eP < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA) for Cry1Ac compared to untreated; ^fP < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA) to bovine serum albumin compared to untreated.
^gErythrocytes not exposed to treatment.