|
| Nanoplatforms |
Drug | Current status | Mode of delivery* | Ligand/target | Average size
(nm) | Descriptions | Types of cancer |
|
|
Liposomes | Doxorubicin
(Myocet) | Phase III | NT | — | 100–230 | No IRRs, high response, and reduced cardiotoxicity | Kaposi’s sarcoma and
metastatic breast cancer (phase I/II) |
Vincristine sulfate
(Marqibo) | FDA approved (Ph-adult ALL), Phase II (NHL), Phase I (pediatric ALL) | NT | — | 115 | Extended PK | Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) |
Cytarabine
Daunorubicin (CPX-351) | Phase III | NT | — | 100 | Extended PK, high response | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) |
Paclitaxel
(EndoTAG-1) | Phase III | NT | — | 160–180 | Cationic liposomal formulation | Various solid tumors |
Lurtotecan
(OSI-211/NX211) | Phase II completed | NT | — | 150 | Reduced myelosuppression and high response | Ovarian cancer |
Paclitaxel
(LEP-ETU) | Phase II completed | NT | — | 150 | No IRRs and high response | Metastatic breast cancer |
Camptothecin
(S-CKD-602) | Phase I/II | NT | — | 100 | Pegylated liposomal camptothecin and extended PK | Advanced solid tumors |
Oxaliplatin
(MBP-426) | Phase I/II | T | transferrin/transferrin receptor | 180 | Extended PK | Advanced/metastatic
solid tumors |
Doxorubicin
(MCC-465) | Phase I
(discontinued) | T | F(ab′)2 fragment of human mAb GAH or tumor-specific antigen | 140 | No hand-foot syndrome or cardiotoxicity | Metastatic stomach cancer |
p53 gene
(SGT53-01) | Phase Ib | T | scFv/transferrin receptor | 90 | Improved response | Solid tumors |
| RB94 plasmid DNA (SGT-94) | Phase I | T | scFv/transferrin receptor | 108 | Improved response | Solid tumors |
Doxorubicin
(MM-302) | Phase I | T | scFv/ErbB2 (HER2) | 75–110 | | Advanced breast cancer |
| Melanoma antigens and IFNγ (Lipovaxin-MM) | Phase I | T | Single domain antibody (dAb) fragment (VH)/DC-SIGN | | Stable and safe | Melanoma vaccine |
|
| Polymers | Paclitaxel
(Genexol-PM) | Approved (Korea); phase II/III (USA) | NT | — | <50 | Polymeric micelles, increased paclitaxel MTD, high response | Metastatic breast cancer and urothelial carcinoma |
Paclitaxel
(NK105) | Phase III | NT | — | 85 | Core-shell-type polymeric micelles, extended PK, high response, and reduced hypersensitivity | Metastatic/recurrent breast cancer |
|
|
Polymers | Doxorubicin (SP1049C) | Phase I completed | NT | — | 30 | Polymeric micelles,
high response, and no hand-foot syndrome | Advanced adenocarcinoma of esophagus and gastroesophageal system |
Doxorubicin
(NK911) | Phase II (Asia) | NT | — | 40 | Polymeric micelles,
extended PK | Metastatic/recurrent solid tumors |
Paclitaxel-poliglumex
(Opaxio) | Phase III | NT | — | 10–150 | Polymeric micelles, extended PK | Ovarian cancer |
| Campthotecin (CRLX101) | Phase Ib/IIa | NT | — | 20–50 | A pH-sensitive polymer nanocarrier releasing camptothecin in the acidic environment of cancer cells, extended PK, and high response | Advanced solid tumors |
Irinotecan
(SN-38, NK012) | Phase I/II | NT | — | 20 | Polymeric micelle-based active metabolites of camptothecin derivative and extended PK | Solid tumors |
Cisplatin
(NC-6004, Nanoplatin) | Phase I/II (Asia) | NT | — | 30 | Polymeric micelles and extended PK (with the aim of reducing kidney toxicity compared with cisplatin alone) | Advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer (evaluating nanoplatin in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer) |
Docetaxel
(BIND-014) | Phase I completed | T | Peptide/PSMA
(solid or metastatic prostate cancer cells by binding to prostate-specific membrane antigen) | 100 | Enhanced therapeutic efficacy and partial response | Solid tumors |
| RRM2 siRNA (CALAA-01) | Phase I | T | Transferrin/transferrin receptor | 70 | Cyclodextrin-based nanoparticle containing anti-RRM2 siRNA and no DLTs | Solid tumors |
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