Measurement of Bed Turning and Comparison with Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: Application of a Novel Mobility Detection System

Table 2

Turning ability parameters.

	Left side-turn		Right side-turn
	𝑛^a	Mean ± SD	𝑛	Mean ± SD	𝑃-value^†
TURN Time (sec)	290	5.71±0.75	290	5.75±1.27	0.797
TL (cm)	290	24.35±8.48	290	24.46±8.68	0.871
TURN Speed (cm/sec)	290	4.31±1.57	290	4.37±1.72	0.551
TURN Peak Time (ds)	290	8.44±7.65	290	8.06±6.99	0.750
TURN Force (kg·m/s²)	290	64.49±13.10	290	65.14±12.87	0.448
BACK Time (sec)	290	5.17±1.39	290	5.29±1.87	0.533
BL (cm)	290	24.66±8.46	290	24.64±8.77	0.974
BACK Speed (cm/sec)	290	4.89±1.72	290	4.84±1.94	0.754
BACK Peak Time (ds)	290	11.14±13.76	290	10.90±6.38	0.862
BACK Force (kg·m/s²)	290	65.03±13.50	290	65.87±13.25	0.183
TURN Weight ratio	290	1.015±0.103	290	1.031±0.139	0.320
BACK Weight ratio	290	1.024±0.115	290	1.041±0.132	0.129

aNumbers of measurements; ^†determined by repeated measures ANOVA (within-subject effect).
TURN Time (sec): time to complete left (or right) side-turn from the back position (resting position).
TL (cm): distance traveled to complete left (or right) side-turn.
TURN Speed (cm/sec): speed (distance/time) used to complete left (or right) side-turn.
TURN Peak Time (ds): time to reach peak pressure (turning swiftness) when completing side-turn.
TURN Force (kg·m/s²): maximum reaction force expended to complete either left (or right) side-turn.
BACK Time (sec): time to return to one’s back from either left (or right) side-turn.
BL (cm): distance traveled upon returning to one’s back after completing left (or right) side-turn.
BACK Speed (cm/sec): speed (distance/time) of turning unto one’s back from either left (or right) side-turn.
BACK Peak Time (ds): time to reach peak pressure (turning swiftness) when completing back-turn.
BACK Force (kg·m/s²): maximum reaction force expended to complete the turn unto one’s back from either left (or right) side-turn.
TURN Weight ratio: ratio of TURN force to weight.
BACK Weight ratio: ratio of BACK force to weight.