Biomechanical Evaluation of Ascending Aortic Aneurysms

Table 1

Summary of test procedures.

Authors	Environmental condition^3	Preconditioning		Strain or loading rate	Stress measure^1	Strain measure^2
		𝑁^∘ cycles	Range
Uniaxial
Okamoto et al., 2002 [3]	Bath, RT	10	0.1–0.49 N	0.59 N/s	𝜎	E, 𝜆
Vorp et al., 2003 [5]	Wetting, RT	10	0–7% strain	8.5%/min	𝜎	e, 𝜆
Iliopoulos et al., 2009 [6]	Bath, 37°C	Y, *	—	20%/min	𝜎	E, A
Matsumoto et al., 2009 [12]	Bath, RT	No	—	0.2 mm/s	𝜎	E
Duprey et al., 2010 [10]	Wetting, RT	2	0-1 N	10 mm/min	𝜎	𝜀
Khanafer et al., 2011 [11]	Wetting, RT	10	—	10 mm/min	𝜎	𝜀
Iliopoulos et al., 2011 [23]	Bath, 37°C	Y, *	—	20%/min	𝜎, 2^PK	𝜆, E
Sokolis et al., 2012 [21]	Bath, 37°C	Y, *	—	20%/min	2^PK	E
García-Herrera et al., 2012 [17]	Bath, 37°C	5	30% of max. load	0.03 mm/s (18%/min)	𝜎	𝜆
Pichamuthu et al., 2013 [7]	Wetting, RT	10	0–7% strain	8.5%/min	𝜎	e, 𝜆
Biaxial
Okamoto et al., 2002 [3]	Bath, RT	10	10% equi-stretch	2–4%/s	𝜎	E
Matsumoto et al., 2009 [12]	Bath, RT/37°C	N	—	0.2 mm/s (1.7%/s)	𝜎	E, 𝜆
Choudhury et al., 2009 [8]	Bath, RT	10	5 mm disp.	0.1 mm/s	s, *	e, *
Pham et al., 2013 [13]	Bath, 37°C	40	Equi-stress	*	1^PK, 2^PK	E
Azadani et al., 2013 [9]	Bath	10	10% equi-stretch	Waveform, 0.5 Hz	𝜎	E

1s: engineering stress, 𝜎: true or Cauchy stress, and 2^PK: second Piola-Kirchoff stress; ²e: engineering strain, 𝜀: true or logarithmic strain, E: Green strain, 𝜆: stretch ratio, and A: Almansi strain; ³RT: room temperature; *: details not specified.