Effects of Subchronic Exposure to N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide on Selected Biomarkers in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Table 4

Biochemical indices in plasma of C. carpio from control groups andgroups exposed to DEET (mean ± SD, 𝑛=10).

Indices	Control	Control with DMSO	DEET 1 µg/L	DEET 0.1 mg/L	DEET 1 mg/L
ALT (µkat/L)	0.70±0.22	0.65±0.11	0.88±0.35	0.97±0.36	0.67±0.33
AST (µkat/L)	1.88±0.69	1.69±0.47	2.11±0.39	1.95±0.51	1.80±0.52
ALP (µkat/L)	0.40±0.21	0.54±0.19	0.55±0.22	0.52±0.17	0.42±0.17
Albumin (g/L)	10.94±1.77	11.12±1.57	10.89±1.30	10.86±1.22	10.92±2.03
Total protein (g/L)	29.23±2.12	27.67±2.30	26.33±3.02	27.26±3.15	26.36±2.52
Glucose (mmol/L)	3.46±1.09	3.67±1.18	3.24±1.12	4.13±1.39	2.93±0.87
LDH (µkat/L)	5.67±2.33	5.07±0.73	4.45±0.99	4.78±1.61	4.15±1.30
TAG (mmol/L)	2.37 ± 2.34^a	2.12 ± 0.73^a,b	2.21 ± 0.99^a,b	2.15 ± 1.60^a,b	1.88 ± 1.30^b
Ammonium (mmol/L)	196.12±66.35	186.6±104.77	164.39±37.74	156.70±50.76	172.33±73.20
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.14±0.09	2.06±0.20	2.06±0.06	2.03±0.31	2.06±0.12
Phosphorus (mmol/L)	1.85±0.35	1.84±0.33	1.88±0.22	2.01±0.58	1.80±0.26
Lactate (mmol/L)	2.91±1.29	2.64±2.48	2.11±0.95	3.29±2.17	2.85±1.77
Cholesterol (mmol /L)	3.33±0.47	3.12±0.54	2.97±0.41	3.07±0.52	3.06±0.63
FRAP (Fe^2+ equivalent µmol/L)	559.76±91.74	448.57±104.53	506.90±60.87	483.81±52.25	465.98±116.96
ButChE (µkat/L)	1.55±0.67	1.22±0.85	1.54±0.75	1.66±0.59	1.69±0.53

Significant differences (𝑃<0.05) between groups are marked by different alphabetic superscripts.