CD163+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages Correlated with Poor Prognosis and Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Figure 2

Human OSCC tissue array analysis revealed that SOX2, ALDH1, and CD44 were overexpressed in human OSCCs. (a) Representative HE staining and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of SOX2, ALDH1, and CD44 in human oral cancer tissue (right) compared with normal oral mucosa (left) (scale bars = 100 𝜇mol). (b) Quantitative histoscore of SOX2, ALDH1, and CD44 expression in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia, and human oral cancer, and SOX2, ALDH1, and CD44 levels were significantly higher when compared with normal oral mucosa (mean ± SEM; ^∗,𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗,𝑃<0.01; ^∗∗∗,𝑃<0.001; One-way ANOVA). (c) SOX2 and ALDH1 were significantly associated with pathological grade, and ALDH1 was significantly correlated with tumor stage and lymph node status (quantification was done using Aperio nuclear quantification software, and statistics was calculated using Graph Pad Prism 5. Mean ± SEM; ^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.01; ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001).