High-Level Antimicrobial Efficacy of Representative Mediterranean Natural Plant Extracts against Oral Microorganisms
Table 1
Antimicrobial activity in mg mL−1 of olive leaf and table olives extracts (O. europaea).
Sample
Olive leaf extract
Table olives extract
DMSO (%)
c/mg mL−1
MIC*
MBC**
MIC
MBC
MIC
MBC
Streptococcus mutans DSM 20523
1.25
NA
1.25
5.00
5.00
40.00
Streptococcus sobrinus DSM 20381
2.50
NA
2.50
5.00
20.00
20.00
Streptococcus oralis ATCC 35037
0.07
NA
1.25
2.50
10.00
20.00
Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
0.60
NA
5.00
NA
20.00
80.00
Candida albicans DSM 1386
NA
NA
NA
NA
10.00
10.00
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
NA
NA
5.00
NA
20.00
40.00
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
2.50
5.00
2.50
2.50
20.00
40.00
Porphyromonas gingivalis W381
0.30
0.60
0.15
1.25
5.00
20.00
Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611
2.50
5.00
0.30
0.60
2.50
5.00
Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586
0.60
1.25
0.60
2.50
10.00
10.00
Parvimonas micra ATCC 23195
0.30
1.25
0.15
0.60
10.00
20.00
NA: no activity observed; MIC or MBC was measured at 10.00 mg mL−1. MIC: extract concentration at which the optical density (OD) measurement revealed minimal bacterial growth. MBC: extract concentration at which a three-log reduction (99.9%) of the bacterial growth was induced.
