High versus Moderate Intensity Running Exercise to Impact Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The Randomized Controlled RUSH-Study

Table 2

Effects of high intensity (interval) training (HI(I)T) versus moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on Metabolic Syndrome parameters. Intergroup differences were adjusted for baseline values.

	HI(I)T^a	MICE^a	Mean difference; 95% CI	𝑃	ES^b(d)
Metabolic Syndrome index (𝑍-Score)
Before	0.95±3.36	−1.82±2.53	—	.001
After	−1.11±3.46	−3.42±2.88	—	—
Difference	−2.06±1.31^∗∗∗a	−1.60±1.77^∗∗∗a	0.46 (1.07 to −0.22)	.291	0.29
Numbers of risk factors of the Metabolic Syndrome (𝑛 out of 5)
Before	2.51±1.29	1.60±1.13	—	.005
After	1.97±1.20	0.90±1.09	—	—
Difference	−0.55±0.62^∗∗∗	−0.70±0.59^∗∗∗	0.15 (−0.16 to 0.46)	.336	0.25
Waist circumference (cm)
Before	101.5±9.0	98.0±9.5	—	.129
After	99.2±9.2	95.4±9.3	—	—
Difference	−2.3±2.8^∗∗∗	−2.6±3.0^∗∗∗	0.26 (−1.18 to 1.70)	.720	0.10
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mm/Hg)
Before	111.5±10.1	104.7±7.1	—	.003
After	106.6±8.9	98.8±7.2	—	—
Difference	−4.9±4.0^∗∗∗	−5.9±4.2^∗∗∗	1.03 (−1.01 to 3.06)	.318	0.24
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Before	166.3±85.1	127.0±55.2	—	.013
After	146.5±82.2	122.4±59.4	—	—
Difference	−19.7±26.8^∗∗∗	−4.6±28.8^n.s.	15.1 (2.0 to 28.2)	.083	0.54
High density lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Before	43.1±12.1	50.4±10.7	—	.001
After	51.9±12.7	52.7±10.4	—	—
Difference	8.8±5.3^∗∗∗	2.3±4.8^∗	6.46 (3.88 to 9.05)	.001	1.29
Glucose (mg/dL)
Before	92.2±11.3	89.6±8.3	—	.258
After	90.7±7.6	88.8±8.8	—	—
Difference	−1.5±10.0^n.s.	−0.8±6.6^n.s.	0.76 (5.18 to −3.46)	.693	0.008

aAsterisk (*) indicate changes within the group (^∗𝑃<.05; ^∗∗𝑃<.01; ^∗∗∗𝑃<.001).
bES: effect size; 0.2: small; 0.5: moderate; 0.8: large.