Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Toxicity in Human Lung Cells: Role of ROS Mediated DNA Damage and Apoptosis

Figure 4

Cytotoxicity assessment of CeO₂ NPs in A549 cells by (a) propidium iodide (PI) uptake method and (b) trypan blue dye exclusion assay after 24 h and 48 h exposure. Cells were stained with PI and subjected to flow cytometer, whereas in trypan blue assay cells were subjected to automatic cell counter. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, compared with control).

(a)

(b)